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Passive Underwater Acoustic Tracking - Submergible Ultrasonic Receivers and Transmitters. PASSIVE TRACKING Transmitters CHP High Powered Transmitters High powered transmitters function identically to the coded transmitters, but have a very high power output. This allows tracking of pelagic species and tracking in large or open water areas. More… CT Standard Coded Transmitters Standard coded transmitters ping an aural code for easy audible detection by researchers. These transmitters for unique identification of thousands of animals by varying combination of frequencies, codes, and pulse interval (time between pings). More… CTT Temperature Telemetry Transmitters Temperature telemetry transmitters allow for the telemetry of temperature in the vicinity of tagged animal in addition to location and identification. More… DT Depth Telemetry Transmitters Depth transmitters allow for telemetry of animals depth to arrive in real time, as well as location and identification via similar coding to the coded transmitters. More… IBT Miniature Transmitters Miniature transmitters function identically to the coded transmitters, but are very small in size. This allows tracking of very small species. More… PT PicoTag Subminiature Transmitters These new very small transmitters allow for attachment to smaller animals than every before. More… Receivers miniSUR Submersible Ultrasonic Receiver This small, inexpensive, long life unit allows for detection of fish passage within its detection area. More… SUR Submersible Ultrasonic Receiver This rugged, inexpensive, long life unit allows for detection of fish passage within its detection area. More… Hydrophones DH-4 Directional Hydrophone The DH-4 provides the greatest range and precision in locating transmitters from 30kHz to 100kHz. More… TH-2 Towed Omnidirectional Hydrophone The TH-2 provides a simple method for mobile active tracking: its small size and hydrodynamic shape allows for trolling at speeds up to 5 knots, while the long cable length minimizes the affect of engine and prop noise. More…

Frequently Asked Questions | How do I uniquely identify Sonotronics’ transmitters? | What are the source levels for Sonotronics’ transmitters? | What range should I expect when manual tracking? FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS How do I uniquely identify Sonotronics’ transmitters? Sonotronics uses multiple methods to identify its transmitters. First, the combination of Pulse Interval (PI) and frequency uniquely defines a particular transmitter. Given the availability of over 25 different frequencies, and the allowing 10mS spacing to allow unique intervals from 870mS to 1500mS, this allows for over 1500 simple combinations, and custom intervals and frequencies are available to allow for more than double this amount. In addition, Sonotronics transmitters employ a unique aural code that sounds as a distinct pattern of pings when listening via a receivers’ speaker or headphone. This feature is similar in concept to the use of Morse code in radio communications, allowing for detection and identification under adverse conditions or at extreme ranges. What are the source levels for Sonotronics’ transmitters? Because source level is only a portion of information necessary to evaluate the performance of an acoustic system, Sonotronics quotes achievable ranges rather than source level in most publications. The combination of very narrow band receivers (500Hz total) and directional hydrophones provide for excellent detection ranges with even modest power transmitters. An expression used to predict range is: NL-DI = SL-TL, where NL is the noise level, and is bandwidth dependant, DI is the directivity index of the hydrophone, TL is the transmission loss between transmitter and hydrophone due to range and absorption, and SL is the source level of the transmitter: range is inferred by the distance component of TL. Note that NL is a function of bandwidth (10*logBW) – the difference between an SUR with a bandwidth of 500Hz and a receiver with a 6000Hz bandwidth is over 10db, With that said, the normal source levels (ref 1uPascal @ 1m) of Sonotronics' transmitters are as follows: PT-1 128-132db PT-2,3; IBT96-1,2 134-136db CT-82-2, CT-05-36, EMT-01-1 142-144db CHP87, DT97, EMT01-2 146-149db EMT-01-3 161-167db What detection range should I expect from my SUR? As mentioned in the FAQ above, this depends on several factors, including the losses in between transmitter and receiver, and the transmitter source level. Some real life examples follow: St. Claire River Near Detroit, MI. 6/23/2005: SUR deployed in 5 feet of water near the shore, depth increases to 50m, CT-05 suspended at 1m. Reliable detections at 400m. Lake Pleasant at Cave Creek, AZ: CHP transmitters detected regularly between 400m and 500m with an array of 6 SUR's. What range should I expect when manual tracking? Ranges stated in the Product Guide (up to 1km, up to 3km, etc.) are stated for manual tracking, using a narrow band receiver such as USR-23, and a directional hydrophone such as the DH-4, under ‘reasonable conditions’. These include calm sea states, and waters favorable to acoustic propagation. A few factors that reduce range include: Shallow environments - Environments in less than 10m of water can reduce the range you can achieve from acoustic transmitters. For example, transmitters with a range of up to 3km were detected at around 500m in 3m depth water. Temperature or Salinity stratified environments - When there is a temperature or salinity gradient in the water column where a transmitter is located, there is an effect called ray bending that occurs. Because the speed of sound in water is a function of temperature and salinity, you can end up with "layers" in which the speed of sound is different. Due to Snell's law, the sound signal is bent at the interface between each layer. The end result of this is that sound can be warped downward, reducing range. Additionally, a thermocline (distinct division between two temperature layers) may reduce ranges significantly: under extreme cases, sound may not reach the surface at all. One technique to overcome this is the use of an omnidirectional hydrophone (such as a TH-2) with a long cable to penetrate the thermocline. What is the difference between ultrasonic (acoustic) transmitters and radio transmitters, and when do you use each? Ultrasonic (acoustic) transmitters emit high frequency sound which propagates mechanically, while radio transmitters emit electromagnetic energy. Generally acoustic transmitters are preferred in deep (>5m) and/or conductive waters. Radio transmitters are preferred in shallow water, especially ‘babbling’ waters. What size transmitter should I use on the animals in my study? Common rule of thumb is the weight of the transmitter measured in water should not exceed 1.25% of the weight of the animal measured in air. In other words, taking the published “water-weight” of a transmitter, then multiplying by 80, will indicate the smallest weight animal to be tagged. Do you have any citations to support this data? Please reference the following for supporting data, and for general information: THE LIMITATIOINS OF FISH TRACKING SYSTEMS: ACOUSTIC AND SATELLITE TECHNIQUES . By 1. G. Priede, NOAA Technical Memorandum, published May 1986 D.L. BRUMBAUGH: AFS PRESENTATION ON ACOUSTIC TRACKING SYSTEMS. By D. L. Brumbaugh FISHERIES TECHNIQUES , edited by Larry Nielsen and David Johnson, available from American Fisheries Society

Sonotronics Video Gallery - Videos showing use of Sonotronics equipment in and out of water, fish surgery, active acoustic tracking, and passive acoustic tracking. All Videos All Categories Play Video Play Video 00:23 Equipment Marking Transmitters | Sonotronics, Inc. Play Video Play Video 21:04 Fish Surgery | Sonotronics, Inc. Play Video Play Video 06:06 Unboxing the MANTRAK Kit | Sonotronics, Inc. Play Video Play Video 01:58 Underwater Diver Receiver | Sonotronics, Inc. Play Video Play Video 01:55 Underwater Diver Receiver Direction | Sonotronics, Inc. Play Video Play Video 01:11 Turning On/Off Your Sonotronics Transmitter Play Video Play Video 02:02 Setting up Sonotronics DH-4 Hydrophone Play Video Play Video 01:54 Underwater Diver Receiver Operation | Sonotronics, Inc. Play Video Play Video 03:01 Tracking Equipment Underwater | Sonotronics, Inc. Load More

Sonotronics is now offering versions of its acoustic transmitters as modules that use external power sources. MO: MODULE ONLY GENERATORS CHP-MO-HP Sonotronics is now offering versions of its acoustic transmitters as modules that use external power sources. The CHP-MO-HP may be mounted on an instrument package or underwater vehicle, taking advantage of existing onboard power sources. The 2 wire version of the CHP-MO-HP will begin transmission of a coded sequence as soon as power is applied, and alternatively a 3 wire version is available that allows separate transmit control. Key specs: 16mm (dia) x 40mm (length) External Supply: 2.8V-5.5VDC 75ma max, 2ma ave Frequencies: 32-40kHz, 69-83 kHz, crystal controlled Source level: up to 150db re 1uPascal @ 1m EMT-01-3HP-MO 32mm (dia) x 85mm (length) External Supply: 4.5V-15VDC 500ma transmit Frequecies: 32-40kHz crystal controlled Source level: up to 165db re 1uPascal @ 1m 4 wire (1m water blocked, jacketed cable) V+ = Red GND = BLACK Control+ (C+) = Orange GND = Brown Operation: with power applied to Red/Black, C+ open = off, C+ to GND = transmit

Active Underwater Acoustic Tracking - Manual and Top Side Acoustic Tracking Receivers and Transmitters. ACTIVE TRACKING Transmitters CHP High Powered Transmitters High powered transmitters function identically to the coded transmitters, but have a very high power output. This allows tracking of pelagic species and tracking in large or open water areas. More… CT Standard Coded Transmitters Standard coded transmitters ping an aural code for easy audible detection by researchers. These transmitters for unique identification of thousands of animals by varying combination of frequencies, codes, and pulse interval (time between pings). More… CTT Temperature Telemetry Transmitters Temperature telemetry transmitters allow for the telemetry of temperature in the vicinity of tagged animal in addition to location and identification. More… DT Depth Telemetry Transmitters Depth transmitters allow for telemetry of animals depth to arrive in real time, as well as location and identification via similar coding to the coded transmitters. More… IBT Miniature Transmitters Miniature transmitters function identically to the coded transmitters, but are very small in size. This allows tracking of very small species. More… PT PicoTag Subminiature Transmitters These new very small transmitters allow for attachment to smaller animals than every before. More… Receivers MANTRAK – Manual Tracking Kit The MANTRAK kit was designed to bring together the most common tools our customers have found to be valuable for manual tracking. The kit has become the most frequent package used by first time researchers. More… UDR Underwater Diver Receiver The Underwater Diver Receiver that allows a diver to approach an object or animal marked with an ultrasonic pinger. The UDR can achieve ranges exceeding 1km, while still allowing relocation in zero visibility. More… USR-23 Ultrasonic Receiver The USR-23 is an active tracking receiver with new features to locate ultrasonic transmitters manufactured by SONOTRONICS, Vemco or Lotek Wireless. More… Hydrophones DH-4 Directional Hydrophone The DH-4 provides the greatest range and precision in locating transmitters from 30kHz to 100kHz. More… TH-2 Towed Omnidirectional Hydrophone The TH-2 provides a simple method for mobile active tracking: its small size and hydrodynamic shape allows for trolling at speeds up to 5 knots, while the long cable length minimizes the affect of engine and prop noise. More..

The PT-Kit (Passive Tracking) contains all the tools necessary to start a passive tracking project: a receiver and 10 long life transmitters housed in a convenient carrying case. *NEW* PT-KIT (PASSIVE TRACKING) The PT-Kit (Passive Tracking) contains all the tools necessary to start a passive tracking project: a receiver and 10 long life transmitters housed in a convenient carrying case. The PT-kit includes: A miniSURT-Li receiver 10 CT-82-2 long life transmitters QR-code card for manual and PC based software Magnets for activating receiver and transmitters A hard case with protective foam Description of the tools: miniSURT Receiver The Li version of the miniSURT allows the use of common 18650 Li-ion batteries Scan multiple frequencies or focus on a single frequency as your project requires Scan multiple gain settings for detection range assessment Temperature logging and optional transponding Multiple detection protocols supported Compatible with SURsoftDPC for collaborating with multiple receiver arrays, or direct download to CSV Bluetooth Low Energy communication for configuration and data downloads CT-82-2 Transmitters Long life transmitter (>3yr with 20-40 sec burst) Open Protocol and multi-frequency ACT codes available Embedded LED confirms function without receiver Magnet sensor to switch transmitter on and off (magnets included) Long range detections Compatible with all Sonotronics receivers Links: Datasheets miniSURT Software Receiver Software VIDEOS

The Sonotronics Equipment Scholarship, established in 2005, commemorates Donald L. Brumbaugh’s pioneering work in the development of fisheries and wildlife biotelemetry technologies. The scholarship is designed to aid students in fisheries research projects. THE DON L. BRUMBAUGH MEMORIAL EQUIPMENT SCHOLARSHIP The Sonotronics Equipment Scholarship, established in 2005, commemorates Donald L. Brumbaugh’s pioneering work in the development of fisheries and wildlife biotelemetry technologies. The scholarship is designed to aid students in fisheries research projects. Apply Here Scholarship Application Criteria Project must be related to fisheries and/or aquatic animal management. Applicant must be a undergraduate or graduate student in a fisheries related discipline. Scholarship award is a grant toward the purchase of Sonotronics’ equipment. Criteria for Scholarship Selection Clarity and relevance of project goals Clarity and relevance of proposed project methods GPA If you are interested in applying for the Sonotronics equipment scholarship please contact Sonotronics for an application, or download the PDF using the link below: Download Scholarship Application

Sonotronics acoustic receivers and transmitters news and announcements. ANNOUNCEMENTS Upcoming Shows and New Product Announcements MO: Module Only Generators The 2 wire version of the CHP-MO-HP will begin transmission of a coded sequence as soon as power is applied, and alternatively a 3 wire version is available that allows separate transmit control. AVAR: Autonomous Vehicle Acoustic Receiver The AVAR may be operated as an independent unit for short term deployments using its on-board battery, or may be connected for long term power and real-time communications with an external controller. Providing excellent customer service and offering state of the art Acoustic Tracking Equipment, we are “working together to make a difference in the world we share.” All Sonotronics Fisheries transmitters are available with the new Open Protocol (OP) as approved by the European Tracking Network (ETN) Sonotronics receivers are now able to receive and detect OP coded transmitters from Sonotronics and other manufactures Existing Sonotronics Receivers may be retrofit to utilize this new telemetry standard Look for a new long-life single frequency receiver, deep water rated, with removable media to quickly transfer collected data! More information about the advantages of the new OP protocol may be found on the European Tracking Network website: http://www.europeantrackingnetwork.org/compatibility Upcoming Shows & New Product Announcements Bluetooth is now an available option on our SUR product We are pleased to announce our new CUB SUR now equipped with the capability to directly decode ‘Rcode’ transmitters GSA Purchasing The Don L. Brumbaugh Memorial Equipment Scholarship The Sonotronics’ Equipment Scholarship, established in 2005, commemorates Donald L. Brumbaugh’s pioneering work in the development of fisheries and wildlife biotelemetry technologies. The scholarship is designed to aid student(s) in fisheries research projects. Read more…

Sonotronics Agents | Individuals and Companies that help in assisting Sonotronics in international resale. AGENTS

Sonotronics Image Gallery This is how Sonotronics and Our Customers Are Making a Difference in the World we Share… Sonotronics Image Gallery This is how Sonotronics and Our Customers Are Making a Difference in the World we Share… “Marlin, Thank you for your extraordinary effort in helping us overcome deployment and technological challenges we face in Grand Canyon. Our sonic telemetry project to determine the impact of the March 2008 High Flow Event on rainbow trout movement in Lees Ferry was a success because of your and your staff’s determination. We were able to deploy 90 transmitters in rainbow trout, the smallest of which was 157mm. We detected these tags before and after the flow with manual tracking and by using the submersible ultrasonic receivers. Interestingly, tagged trout did not displace downstream during the high flow. Thank you for your good humor and determination through this challenging project!” — Kara D Hilwig “Just wanted to drop an email to say thanks for all your help with our order! We’re really happy with the tags we received and have just begun our deployments. Thanks again! — Clemency” “… Furthermore I would like to inform you of an AWESOME recent finding. One of the 260cm female lemon sharks that was equipped with a Sonotronics 4 year transmitter was detected on our SUR array in Bimini for multiple days at the end of May this year. This shark was tagged in Bimini on May 19th 2007 and has not been detected since then. This shark was therefore at liberty for 2 years and the transmitter was still working on her return to Bimini – MASSIVE THANK YOU to you and all your team.” — Tristan Guttridge, PhD Student, University of Leeds, UK From another happy Sonotronics Customer – “Thank you for taking my call. I always appreciate how well I am treated by the team at Sonotronics and I look forward to doing more good work with you in the amazing years to come!” “Just received the USR-96 receiver … Looks to be working perfectly… just one more reason why your customer service is top-notch.” “We are honored. #customer service ALWAYS a pleasure”. – Dr. Yannis Papastamatiou, @Dr_Yannis The following information has been submitted by researchers who have used Sonotronics’ products in their studies. We wish to thank the researchers who have contributed, adding to the knowledge base available to Sonotronics’ customers. Columbia River Redband Trout Study – Redband trout tracking in Twin Lakes, Washington conducted by Mike Biggs. Lake Pend Oreille Predation Study – Focuses on pelagic predator population estimate in relation to kokanee densities. Rainbow and Lake Trout. Idaho Dept of Fish and Game, Tom Bassista, Melo Maiolie, Mark Duclos, Bill Ament, Bill Harryman. BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS Acoustic telemetry to assess post-stocking dispersal and mortality of razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus A. P. KARAM, B. R. KESNER AND P. C. MARSH Native Fish Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University Poster and Abstract presented by David March Morlà at the 2ndINTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TAGGING AND TRACKING MARINE FISH WITH ELECTRONIC DEVICES held in San Sebastian in 2007 Letter and picture submitted by Dr. Sam Gruber “Hi Sonotronics” We now have 11- SUR’s and five transmitters ….Underwater receivers and other goodies! Thank you so much for taking care of all of this… We will send the equipment over to Bimini today with a National Geographic Society Team! We are very excited about the SUR’s and look forward to doing a LOT of interesting things. Thank you!!!” “doc” Sam Gruber First Trout below Hoover Dam and the last known Colorado pikeminnow (then known as squawfish) from Lake Mohave, submitted by Tom Burke, LCR-MSCP