Founded in 1971, Sonotronics is THE Pioneer in Acoustic Telemetry for Animal tracking. Providing Ultrasonic Transmitters, Receivers and Hydrophones for Tracking Animals and Equipment underwater. Visit Sonotronics at Booth 18! Active Tracking Sonotronics, Inc is dedicated to providing state-of-the-art ultrasonic transmitters, receivers, and hydrophones for tracking animals and equipment underwater. Our products are designed to meet the highest standards of performance and reliability, ensuring accurate and efficient animal tracking. Passive Tracking Explore some of our featured projects where our acoustic telemetry solutions have played a pivotal role in advancing research and conservation efforts. From tracking marine mammals to monitoring underwater equipment, our technology has been instrumental in various scientific studies and environmental projects. Equipment Tracking Acoustic equipment tracking is a crucial aspect of marine research and exploration. With our advanced technology and expertise, we provide reliable and accurate tracking solutions for your equipment. Trust us to help you achieve your underwater research goals. *NEW* UDR ANNOUNCEMENTS What's New! *NEW* DH-ROV Scholarship The Don L Brumbaugh Memorial Equipment Scholarship Join our mailing list Email* Subscribe I want to subscribe to your mailing list. ABOUT SONOTRONICS, INC Founded in 1971, Sonotronics is THE Pioneer in Acoustic Telemetry for Animal tracking. Providing Ultrasonic Transmitters, Receivers and Hydrophones for Tracking Animals and Equipment underwater. Sonotronics products are used around the world in every ocean, and in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Sonotronics is a lead manufacturer of acoustic transmitters and acoustic receivers. We strive to provide excellent service to our customers while working together to make a difference in the world we share. How Sonotronics and our Customers are Making a Difference in the World we Share…* Learn More

Sonotronics is featuring the AVAR, Autonomous Vehicle Acoustic Receiver, adding acoustic transmitter detection and logging to unmanned marine vehicles. The AVAR may be operated as an independent unit for short term deployments using its on-board battery, or may be connected for long term power and real-time communications with an external controller. AVAR: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ACOUSTIC RECEIVER Sonotronics is featuring the AVAR, Autonomous Vehicle Acoustic Receiver, adding acoustic transmitter detection and logging to unmanned marine vehicles. The AVAR may be operated as an independent unit for short term deployments using its on-board battery, or may be connected for long term power and real-time communications with an external controller. Key specs: 30kHz – 100kHz 235mm x 64mm, 855grams RS232 Data Interface 300m rated 0 – 12VDC with rechargeable NiMH battery Links: PRICES

Frequently Asked Questions | How do I uniquely identify Sonotronics’ transmitters? | What are the source levels for Sonotronics’ transmitters? | What range should I expect when manual tracking? FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS How do I uniquely identify Sonotronics’ transmitters? Sonotronics uses multiple methods to identify its transmitters. First, the combination of Pulse Interval (PI) and frequency uniquely defines a particular transmitter. Given the availability of over 25 different frequencies, and the allowing 10mS spacing to allow unique intervals from 870mS to 1500mS, this allows for over 1500 simple combinations, and custom intervals and frequencies are available to allow for more than double this amount. In addition, Sonotronics transmitters employ a unique aural code that sounds as a distinct pattern of pings when listening via a receivers’ speaker or headphone. This feature is similar in concept to the use of Morse code in radio communications, allowing for detection and identification under adverse conditions or at extreme ranges. What are the source levels for Sonotronics’ transmitters? Because source level is only a portion of information necessary to evaluate the performance of an acoustic system, Sonotronics quotes achievable ranges rather than source level in most publications. The combination of very narrow band receivers (500Hz total) and directional hydrophones provide for excellent detection ranges with even modest power transmitters. An expression used to predict range is: NL-DI = SL-TL, where NL is the noise level, and is bandwidth dependant, DI is the directivity index of the hydrophone, TL is the transmission loss between transmitter and hydrophone due to range and absorption, and SL is the source level of the transmitter: range is inferred by the distance component of TL. Note that NL is a function of bandwidth (10*logBW) – the difference between an SUR with a bandwidth of 500Hz and a receiver with a 6000Hz bandwidth is over 10db, With that said, the normal source levels (ref 1uPascal @ 1m) of Sonotronics' transmitters are as follows: PT-1 128-132db PT-2,3; IBT96-1,2 134-136db CT-82-2, CT-05-36, EMT-01-1 142-144db CHP87, DT97, EMT01-2 146-149db EMT-01-3 161-167db What detection range should I expect from my SUR? As mentioned in the FAQ above, this depends on several factors, including the losses in between transmitter and receiver, and the transmitter source level. Some real life examples follow: St. Claire River Near Detroit, MI. 6/23/2005: SUR deployed in 5 feet of water near the shore, depth increases to 50m, CT-05 suspended at 1m. Reliable detections at 400m. Lake Pleasant at Cave Creek, AZ: CHP transmitters detected regularly between 400m and 500m with an array of 6 SUR's. What range should I expect when manual tracking? Ranges stated in the Product Guide (up to 1km, up to 3km, etc.) are stated for manual tracking, using a narrow band receiver such as USR-23, and a directional hydrophone such as the DH-4, under ‘reasonable conditions’. These include calm sea states, and waters favorable to acoustic propagation. A few factors that reduce range include: Shallow environments - Environments in less than 10m of water can reduce the range you can achieve from acoustic transmitters. For example, transmitters with a range of up to 3km were detected at around 500m in 3m depth water. Temperature or Salinity stratified environments - When there is a temperature or salinity gradient in the water column where a transmitter is located, there is an effect called ray bending that occurs. Because the speed of sound in water is a function of temperature and salinity, you can end up with "layers" in which the speed of sound is different. Due to Snell's law, the sound signal is bent at the interface between each layer. The end result of this is that sound can be warped downward, reducing range. Additionally, a thermocline (distinct division between two temperature layers) may reduce ranges significantly: under extreme cases, sound may not reach the surface at all. One technique to overcome this is the use of an omnidirectional hydrophone (such as a TH-2) with a long cable to penetrate the thermocline. What is the difference between ultrasonic (acoustic) transmitters and radio transmitters, and when do you use each? Ultrasonic (acoustic) transmitters emit high frequency sound which propagates mechanically, while radio transmitters emit electromagnetic energy. Generally acoustic transmitters are preferred in deep (>5m) and/or conductive waters. Radio transmitters are preferred in shallow water, especially ‘babbling’ waters. What size transmitter should I use on the animals in my study? Common rule of thumb is the weight of the transmitter measured in water should not exceed 1.25% of the weight of the animal measured in air. In other words, taking the published “water-weight” of a transmitter, then multiplying by 80, will indicate the smallest weight animal to be tagged. Do you have any citations to support this data? Please reference the following for supporting data, and for general information: THE LIMITATIOINS OF FISH TRACKING SYSTEMS: ACOUSTIC AND SATELLITE TECHNIQUES . By 1. G. Priede, NOAA Technical Memorandum, published May 1986 D.L. BRUMBAUGH: AFS PRESENTATION ON ACOUSTIC TRACKING SYSTEMS. By D. L. Brumbaugh FISHERIES TECHNIQUES , edited by Larry Nielsen and David Johnson, available from American Fisheries Society

Coded High Power transmitters generate a unique aural sequence, as well as unique combinations of frequency and ping interval allowing detection by both passive and active receivers. The CHP series of transmitters provide maximum detection ranges for use with pelagic studies or in areas of high noise. CHP TRANSMITTERS Coded High Power transmitters generate a unique aural sequence, as well as unique combinations of frequency and ping interval allowing detection by both passive and active receivers. The CHP series of transmitters provide maximum detection ranges for use with pelagic studies or in areas of high noise. Coded High Powered Transmitters Notes Range is typical under good conditions, using a Sonotronics active receiver and directional hydrophone. Autonomy based on a ping rate of once per second. Extened lifetimes are available by cycling the transmitters, please contact Sonotronics for more details CHP transmitters are by default produced with flat ends and small holes for an external mount, but may be ordered with rounded ends for internal implant. Links: CHP Datasheet VIDEOS PRICES

Sonotronics temperature telemetry transmitters transmit their current temperature by varying the pulse interval time between pings CTT TRANSMITTERS – CODED TEMPERATURE TELEMETRY Sonotronics temperature telemetry transmitters transmit their current temperature by varying the pulse interval time between pings. For example, a tag at 0 deg Celsius may have an interval time of 700ms, and at 25 deg celsius it may have a pulse interval time of 1450ms. Temperature tag instruction sheets are sent with temperature tags. The temperature transmitters have an accuracy of +/-2 deg C and a resolution of.5 deg C. The transmitters can be user calibrated for accuracies greater than +/- 2 deg C. Temperature Telemetry Transmitters CTT: Range up to 1km+ Notes The typical rule of thumb is to use transmitters that have a weight in water that is 1.5 – 2% of the fish weight in air. Weight in O2 (air) is put only as additional reference. -E is the extension denoting external mount, -I denotes internal implant. You must specify internal or external when ordering transmitters. Links: CTT Manual VIDEOS PRICES

Sonotronics’ Equipment Marking Transmitters consist of high powered, long life transmitters placed in rugged, highly visible packaging. The EMT series transmitters come standard with flat ends and 3/16″ mounting holes on each end. Other custom packaging options are possible. EQUIPMENT MARKING TRANSMITTERS (EMT) Sonotronics’ Equipment Marking Transmitters consist of high powered, long life transmitters placed in rugged, highly visible packaging. The EMT series transmitters come standard with flat ends and 3/16″ mounting holes on each end. Other custom packaging options are possible. Notes * The EMT-01-3 has user replaceable batteries. **EMT-01-1 and EMT-01-2: Recommended maximum depth rating: 2500m. Transmitters have been tested successfully to 5000m depth. The EMT-01-3 replaceable battery unit is rated for a maximum depth of 1000m. Links: EMT Data Sheet EMT-01-3 Manual VIDEOS PRICES EMT-AR ACCELEROMETER BASED ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTER Sonotronics EMT-AR (Angle Reporting) transmitters use an integrated accelerometer to measure and transmit the tilt angle or inclination of attached equipment, enabling real-time monitoring of its orientation. A surface receiver can be used to verify the alignment of instruments such as ADCPs without requiring a diver. With operating lifetimes of up to four years, these transmitters can also mark deployment sites for future relocation. Monitoring is performed using either the USR-23 deck receiver or the UDR diver receiver. Links: EMT-AR Datasheet EMT-AR Manual VIDEOS PRICES MO: MODULE ONLY GENERATORS CHP-MO-HP Sonotronics is now offering versions of its acoustic transmitters as modules that use external power sources. The CHP-MO-HP may be mounted on an instrument package or underwater vehicle, taking advantage of existing onboard power sources. The 2 wire version of the CHP-MO-HP will begin transmission of a coded sequence as soon as power is applied, and alternatively a 3 wire version is available that allows separate transmit control. Key specs: 16mm (dia) x 40mm (length) External Supply: 2.8V-5.5VDC 75ma max, 2ma ave Frequencies: 32-40kHz, 69-83 kHz, crystal controlled Source level: up to 150db re 1uPascal @ 1m EMT-01-3HP-MO 32mm (dia) x 85mm (length) External Supply: 4.5V-15VDC 500ma transmit Frequecies: 32-40kHz crystal controlled Source level: up to 165db re 1uPascal @ 1m 4 wire (1m water blocked, jacketed cable) V+ = Red GND = BLACK Control+ (C+) = Orange GND = Brown Operation: with power applied to Red/Black, C+ open = off, C+ to GND = transmit Links: PRICES

The DH-4 provides the greatest range and precision in locating transmitters from 30kHz to 100kHz. The parabolic reflector provide 16db of gain over a comparable omnidirectional hydrophone, and yields a calculated DI of nearly 25db, reducing the effect of environmental noise. The DH-4 is the primary hydrophone for manual/active tracking. MODEL DH-4 DIRECTIONAL HYDROPHONE The DH-4 provides the greatest range and precision in locating transmitters from 30kHz to 100kHz. The parabolic reflector provide 16db of gain over a comparable omnidirectional hydrophone, and yields a calculated DI of nearly 25db, reducing the effect of environmental noise. The DH-4 is the primary hydrophone for manual/active tracking. Sensitivity: -84 dBV ref 1 uBar (-184dBV ref 1 uPascal). Beam Width: +/-6 degrees at half power points. Shaft Length: User supplies mounting shaft. (1 inch PVC) Output: BNC connector. Cable: Replaceable 10’ RG-58 C/U. Links: DH-4 Manual Active Tracking Hydrophones Data Sheet VIDEOS PRICES

Sonotronics product tips highlighting surgery on a Colorado River Trout as well as external acoustic transmitter attachment. TIPS FOR USING SONOTRONICS PRODUCTS Trout Surgery These pictures show biologist Kara Hilwig, with USGS, during surgery on a Colorado River trout. Attachment of CHP-87-S Transmitter to Diamond Back Terrapin Pictures submitted by Matt Draud, Long Island University

Receivers Sonotronics manufactures receivers that remotely detect ultrasonic transmitters and decode transmitter IDs and sensor data. These receivers fall into two categories: active tracking receivers and passive tracking receivers. Active Tracking Receivers Active tracking receivers work much like traditional radio receivers: they heterodyne an incoming signal with a local oscillator to create an audible signal that can be heard through headphones or a speaker. Built-in displays show the detection frequency, transmitter ID, and any sensor data encoded in the transmitter emission. These receivers also include local memory, allowing detections to be recorded for later analysis. Like radio receivers, active receivers require an external sensor—in this case, a hydrophone. For proper operation, the hydrophone must be submerged to detect transmitters more than a few meters away. UDR Underwater Diver Receiver USR-23 Ultrasonic Receiver Passive Tracking Receivers Passive tracking receivers are used primarily in long-term fisheries studies to record the movements of tagged animals over months. These self-contained receivers include a hydrophone and electronics for decoding and logging data from passing transmitters. They are typically submerged deep enough to avoid boat traffic and must be retrieved to download the collected detection data. In some applications, a passive underwater receiver can be paired with a surface unit to provide near real-time detection information. For a successful study, passive receivers must support the protocols used by all deployed transmitters, as well as any transmitters already within detection range. They are often arranged in lines or arrays to maximize detections as tagged animals pass through an area. In some cases, a passive receiver may be configured with low gain to confirm the presence of a tagged animal within a very small area. SUR - Submersible Ultrasonic Receiver miniSURT - Mini Submersible Ultrasonic Receiver Receiver Kits MANTRAK - Manual Tracking Kit The MANTRAK kit was designed to bring together the most common tools our customers have found to be valuable for manual tracking. The kit has become the most frequent package used by first time researchers. UDR-Kit The UDR-kit contains all of the basic tools necessary for locating transmitters from a surface vessel and while diving. This includes the UDR receiver, external hydrophone adapter, directional hydrophone and useful accessories, housed in a rugged Pelican case.

Sonotronics proudly introduces the picoTag family. They represents the smallest acoustic transmitters in the Sonotronics product line, beginning at .6g in weight in water. These tiny transmitters will allow researchers to gain valuable information on small species never possible before. PT SERIES SUBMINIATURE TRANSMITTERS Range 300m – 750m+ Sonotronics proudly introduces the picoTag family. They represents the smallest acoustic transmitters in the Sonotronics product line, beginning at .6g in weight in water. These tiny transmitters will allow researchers to gain valuable information on small species never possible before. The PicoTags come standard in bullet shaped packaged shown in the photo. This packaging is more commonly used for internal implant or in cases where gluing the transmitter is appropriate. Slightly elongated packages are available that can contain small drill holes for external mount. Packaging changes result in changes in the weight and dimension specifications. Note that quoted ranges are when manual tracking. Notes The typical rule of thumb is to use transmitters that have a weight in water that is 1.5 – 2% of the fish weight in air. Weight in O2 (air) is put only as additional reference. -E is the extension denoting external mount, -I denotes internal implant. You must specify internal or external when ordering transmitters. Links: VIDEOS PRICES