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The CUB-2BT is a combination of a passive receiver and communications system allowing for near real-time monitoring of areas with cell phone coverage. CUB CELLULAR UPLINK BUOY The CUB-2BT is a combination of a passive receiver and communications system allowing for near real-time monitoring of areas with cell phone coverage. The CUB is a stand-alone device consisting of a cell phone modem (Verizon CDMA standard, GSM optional) battery system, solar panels, and logging ultrasonic receiver with 2Mb of flash memory, real time clock, external omnidirectional hydrophone, and Bluetooth connectivity for wireless, high-speed downloads and configuration. Based on a McDermott buoy, this unit collapses to a highly portable unit, shippable via UPS or other standard carriers, and is deployable without need of special equipment, even from a small boat or skiff. Data retrieved from the CUB-2BT is compatible with Sonotronics Data Processing Center. The DPC allows integration data collected via active and passive tracking. Cellular data is transmitted via SMS messages, and Bluetooth is used for complete downloads. Specifications Weight : Approximately 30 pounds (14kg). Frequencies : 30kHz – 150kHz (scans 15 selected frequencies, including 69kHz R- codes) Size : Ships in 24 in. x24 in. x15 in. container Memory : 2 Megabyte (> 200000 detections) (4 Megabyte optional) Battery : Re-chargeable NiMH Cellular : Verizon contract required, GSM coverage optional, SIM card in- stalled at factory. SMS messages provide real-time tracking and status information. Bluetooth: Allows completely downloads for low power operation within 5m of buoy. Links: CUB-2BT Datasheet VIDEOS

The ETN, together with industry (being Thelma Biotel, Sonotronics, and Lotek), have worked on the development of new open tag protocols, which are available for all telemetry users across the world. As stated in the compatibility note , it is now clear that encrypted protocols in acoustic telemetry should be avoided by all means. To move forward towards a much-needed pan-European collaborative network that could provide relevant information in support of decision-making processes related to conservation and management, compatibility between brands and agreements on transmission protocols and ID allocation are imperative. Therefore, the ETN, together with industry (being Thelma Biotel, Sonotronics, and Lotek), have worked on the development of new open tag protocols, which are available for all telemetry users across the world - this technology is NOT restricted to Europe. This resulted in two robust and energy-efficient transmission protocols aimed for the aquatic research community, being OPi and OPs, for ID and sensor tags respectively. The Open Protocol: OPi supports over 1 million unique IDs, while OPs supports over 64 000 unique IDs with up to 4096 data points resolution. Both protocols are short and effective to reduce issues with transmission collisions. The protocols are available for all interested manufacturers after agreeing with the terms of references. Opening the infrastructure networks of acoustic telemetry to all manufacturers of different types of sensors and tags will drive innovation, and boost availability of new solutions for future research. The Manufacturers handed over OP to the ETN, who assigned the Flanders Marine institute as a third party to control the ID allocation related to these protocols.

Sonotronics product tips highlighting surgery on a Colorado River Trout as well as external acoustic transmitter attachment. TIPS FOR USING SONOTRONICS PRODUCTS Trout Surgery These pictures show biologist Kara Hilwig, with USGS, during surgery on a Colorado River trout. Attachment of CHP-87-S Transmitter to Diamond Back Terrapin Pictures submitted by Matt Draud, Long Island University

Sonotronics’ Equipment Marking Transmitters consist of high powered, long life transmitters placed in rugged, highly visible packaging. The EMT series transmitters come standard with flat ends and 3/16″ mounting holes on each end. Other custom packaging options are possible. EQUIPMENT MARKING TRANSMITTERS (EMT) Sonotronics’ Equipment Marking Transmitters consist of high powered, long life transmitters placed in rugged, highly visible packaging. The EMT series transmitters come standard with flat ends and 3/16″ mounting holes on each end. Other custom packaging options are possible. Notes * The EMT-01-3 has user replaceable batteries. **EMT-01-1 and EMT-01-2: Recommended maximum depth rating: 2500m. Transmitters have been tested successfully to 5000m depth. The EMT-01-3 replaceable battery unit is rated for a maximum depth of 1000m. Links: EMT Data Sheet EMT-01-3 Manual VIDEOS

Sonotronics proudly introduces the picoTag family. They represents the smallest acoustic transmitters in the Sonotronics product line, beginning at .6g in weight in water. These tiny transmitters will allow researchers to gain valuable information on small species never possible before. PT SERIES SUBMINIATURE TRANSMITTERS Range 300m – 750m+ Sonotronics proudly introduces the picoTag family. They represents the smallest acoustic transmitters in the Sonotronics product line, beginning at .6g in weight in water. These tiny transmitters will allow researchers to gain valuable information on small species never possible before. The PicoTags come standard in bullet shaped packaged shown in the photo. This packaging is more commonly used for internal implant or in cases where gluing the transmitter is appropriate. Slightly elongated packages are available that can contain small drill holes for external mount. Packaging changes result in changes in the weight and dimension specifications. Note that quoted ranges are when manual tracking. Notes The typical rule of thumb is to use transmitters that have a weight in water that is 1.5 – 2% of the fish weight in air. Weight in O2 (air) is put only as additional reference. -E is the extension denoting external mount, -I denotes internal implant. You must specify internal or external when ordering transmitters. Links: VIDEOS

Frequently Asked Questions | How do I uniquely identify Sonotronics’ transmitters? | What are the source levels for Sonotronics’ transmitters? | What range should I expect when manual tracking? FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS How do I uniquely identify Sonotronics’ transmitters? Sonotronics uses multiple methods to identify its transmitters. First, the combination of Pulse Interval (PI) and frequency uniquely defines a particular transmitter. Given the availability of over 25 different frequencies, and the allowing 10mS spacing to allow unique intervals from 870mS to 1500mS, this allows for over 1500 simple combinations, and custom intervals and frequencies are available to allow for more than double this amount. In addition, Sonotronics transmitters employ a unique aural code that sounds as a distinct pattern of pings when listening via a receivers’ speaker or headphone. This feature is similar in concept to the use of Morse code in radio communications, allowing for detection and identification under adverse conditions or at extreme ranges. What are the source levels for Sonotronics’ transmitters? Because source level is only a portion of information necessary to evaluate the performance of an acoustic system, Sonotronics quotes achievable ranges rather than source level in most publications. The combination of very narrow band receivers (500Hz total) and directional hydrophones provide for excellent detection ranges with even modest power transmitters. An expression used to predict range is: NL-DI = SL-TL, where NL is the noise level, and is bandwidth dependant, DI is the directivity index of the hydrophone, TL is the transmission loss between transmitter and hydrophone due to range and absorption, and SL is the source level of the transmitter: range is inferred by the distance component of TL. Note that NL is a function of bandwidth (10*logBW) – the difference between an SUR with a bandwidth of 500Hz and a receiver with a 6000Hz bandwidth is over 10db, With that said, the normal source levels (ref 1uPascal @ 1m) of Sonotronics' transmitters are as follows: PT-1 128-132db PT-2,3; IBT96-1,2 134-136db CT-82-2, CT-05-36, EMT-01-1 142-144db CHP87, DT97, EMT01-2 146-149db EMT-01-3 161-167db What detection range should I expect from my SUR? As mentioned in the FAQ above, this depends on several factors, including the losses in between transmitter and receiver, and the transmitter source level. Some real life examples follow: St. Claire River Near Detroit, MI. 6/23/2005: SUR deployed in 5 feet of water near the shore, depth increases to 50m, CT-05 suspended at 1m. Reliable detections at 400m. Lake Pleasant at Cave Creek, AZ: CHP transmitters detected regularly between 400m and 500m with an array of 6 SUR's. What range should I expect when manual tracking? Ranges stated in the Product Guide (up to 1km, up to 3km, etc.) are stated for manual tracking, using a narrow band receiver such as USR-23, and a directional hydrophone such as the DH-4, under ‘reasonable conditions’. These include calm sea states, and waters favorable to acoustic propagation. A few factors that reduce range include: Shallow environments - Environments in less than 10m of water can reduce the range you can achieve from acoustic transmitters. For example, transmitters with a range of up to 3km were detected at around 500m in 3m depth water. Temperature or Salinity stratified environments - When there is a temperature or salinity gradient in the water column where a transmitter is located, there is an effect called ray bending that occurs. Because the speed of sound in water is a function of temperature and salinity, you can end up with "layers" in which the speed of sound is different. Due to Snell's law, the sound signal is bent at the interface between each layer. The end result of this is that sound can be warped downward, reducing range. Additionally, a thermocline (distinct division between two temperature layers) may reduce ranges significantly: under extreme cases, sound may not reach the surface at all. One technique to overcome this is the use of an omnidirectional hydrophone (such as a TH-2) with a long cable to penetrate the thermocline. What is the difference between ultrasonic (acoustic) transmitters and radio transmitters, and when do you use each? Ultrasonic (acoustic) transmitters emit high frequency sound which propagates mechanically, while radio transmitters emit electromagnetic energy. Generally acoustic transmitters are preferred in deep (>5m) and/or conductive waters. Radio transmitters are preferred in shallow water, especially ‘babbling’ waters. What size transmitter should I use on the animals in my study? Common rule of thumb is the weight of the transmitter measured in water should not exceed 1.25% of the weight of the animal measured in air. In other words, taking the published “water-weight” of a transmitter, then multiplying by 80, will indicate the smallest weight animal to be tagged. Do you have any citations to support this data? Please reference the following for supporting data, and for general information: THE LIMITATIOINS OF FISH TRACKING SYSTEMS: ACOUSTIC AND SATELLITE TECHNIQUES . By 1. G. Priede, NOAA Technical Memorandum, published May 1986 D.L. BRUMBAUGH: AFS PRESENTATION ON ACOUSTIC TRACKING SYSTEMS. By D. L. Brumbaugh FISHERIES TECHNIQUES , edited by Larry Nielsen and David Johnson, available from American Fisheries Society

The PT-Kit (Passive Tracking) contains all the tools necessary to start a passive tracking project: a receiver and 10 long life transmitters housed in a convenient carrying case. *NEW* PT-KIT (PASSIVE TRACKING) The PT-Kit (Passive Tracking) contains all the tools necessary to start a passive tracking project: a receiver and 10 long life transmitters housed in a convenient carrying case. The PT-kit includes: A miniSURT-Li receiver 10 CT-82-2 long life transmitters QR-code card for manual and PC based software Magnets for activating receiver and transmitters A hard case with protective foam Description of the tools: miniSURT Receiver The Li version of the miniSURT allows the use of common 18650 Li-ion batteries Scan multiple frequencies or focus on a single frequency as your project requires Scan multiple gain settings for detection range assessment Temperature logging and optional transponding Multiple detection protocols supported Compatible with SURsoftDPC for collaborating with multiple receiver arrays, or direct download to CSV Bluetooth Low Energy communication for configuration and data downloads CT-82-2 Transmitters Long life transmitter (>3yr with 20-40 sec burst) Open Protocol and multi-frequency ACT codes available Embedded LED confirms function without receiver Magnet sensor to switch transmitter on and off (magnets included) Long range detections Compatible with all Sonotronics receivers Links: Datasheets miniSURT Software Receiver Software VIDEOS

Sonotronics product manuals for acoustic receivers and transmitters. PRODUCT MANUALS Below are links for PDFs of the Product Manuals. All product downloads can be found on the individual product pages. Depth Transmitters Temperature Transmitters SURsms DH-4 Manual EMT-01-3 Manual SUR Manual miniSURT Manual RovR Manual Tilt Tracker Manual UDR Manual USR-23 Manual TH-2 Manual

The Manufacture of Underwater Ultrasonic Tracking Equipment Since 1971 - Providing Exceptional Products with Proven Results. COMPANY Marlin Gregor President of Sonotronics, Inc. Goodbye to our best friend, favorite employee, and Sonotronics mascot, Marcus. You will be missed! – RIP Marcus Gregor 2022 <3 The Manufacture of Underwater Ultrasonic Tracking Equipment Since 1971 - Providing Exceptional Products with Proven Results. Sonotronics is a leader in the manufacturing of ultrasonic tracking equipment related to the underwater tracking of marine animals, equipment marking, and other marine applications. Sonotronics offers high performance Active Tracking Systems for real time. Specializing in implementing the latest technologies and providing Simple solutions for customers tracking needs. Sonotronics products include a wide variety of ultrasonic transmitters with various combinations of lifetime, size, range, and telemetry options. Sonotronics offers high performance manual tracking systems for real time determination of animal behavior. Sonotronics also offers automated stations for logging animal detections, including cellular uplink and web technologies.

The USR-23 is an active tracking receiver with new features to locate ultrasonic transmitters manufactured by SONOTRONICS, Vemco or Lotek Wireless. USR-23 ULTRASONIC RECEIVER The USR-23 is an active tracking receiver with new features to locate ultrasonic transmitters manufactured by SONOTRONICS, Vemco or Lotek Wireless. USR-23 Features Include: Digital display Waterproof Pelican Case (1150) Internal detection audio alarm Compatible with passive data loggers Optional dual hydrophone input Optional GPS input with position logging ACT and Rcode decoding (thus being able to locate ultrasonic transmitters manufactured by SONOTRONICS, Vemco or Lotek Wireless.) Compatible with SURsoft data analysis tool for SONOTRONICS logging receivers. Links: USR-23 Manual Receiver Software VIDEOS