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The DH-4 provides the greatest range and precision in locating transmitters from 30kHz to 100kHz. The parabolic reflector provide 16db of gain over a comparable omnidirectional hydrophone, and yields a calculated DI of nearly 25db, reducing the effect of environmental noise. The DH-4 is the primary hydrophone for manual/active tracking. MODEL DH-4 DIRECTIONAL HYDROPHONE The DH-4 provides the greatest range and precision in locating transmitters from 30kHz to 100kHz. The parabolic reflector provide 16db of gain over a comparable omnidirectional hydrophone, and yields a calculated DI of nearly 25db, reducing the effect of environmental noise. The DH-4 is the primary hydrophone for manual/active tracking. Sensitivity: -84 dBV ref 1 uBar (-184dBV ref 1 uPascal). Beam Width: +/-6 degrees at half power points. Shaft Length: User supplies mounting shaft. (1 inch PVC) Output: BNC connector. Cable: Replaceable 10’ RG-58 C/U. Links: DH-4 Manual Active Tracking Hydrophones Data Sheet VIDEOS PRICES

Sonotronics product tips highlighting surgery on a Colorado River Trout as well as external acoustic transmitter attachment. TIPS FOR USING SONOTRONICS PRODUCTS Trout Surgery These pictures show biologist Kara Hilwig, with USGS, during surgery on a Colorado River trout. Attachment of CHP-87-S Transmitter to Diamond Back Terrapin Pictures submitted by Matt Draud, Long Island University

Receivers Sonotronics manufactures receivers that remotely detect ultrasonic transmitters and decode transmitter IDs and sensor data. These receivers fall into two categories: active tracking receivers and passive tracking receivers. Active Tracking Receivers Active tracking receivers work much like traditional radio receivers: they heterodyne an incoming signal with a local oscillator to create an audible signal that can be heard through headphones or a speaker. Built-in displays show the detection frequency, transmitter ID, and any sensor data encoded in the transmitter emission. These receivers also include local memory, allowing detections to be recorded for later analysis. Like radio receivers, active receivers require an external sensor—in this case, a hydrophone. For proper operation, the hydrophone must be submerged to detect transmitters more than a few meters away. UDR Underwater Diver Receiver USR-23 Ultrasonic Receiver Passive Tracking Receivers Passive tracking receivers are used primarily in long-term fisheries studies to record the movements of tagged animals over months. These self-contained receivers include a hydrophone and electronics for decoding and logging data from passing transmitters. They are typically submerged deep enough to avoid boat traffic and must be retrieved to download the collected detection data. In some applications, a passive underwater receiver can be paired with a surface unit to provide near real-time detection information. For a successful study, passive receivers must support the protocols used by all deployed transmitters, as well as any transmitters already within detection range. They are often arranged in lines or arrays to maximize detections as tagged animals pass through an area. In some cases, a passive receiver may be configured with low gain to confirm the presence of a tagged animal within a very small area. SUR - Submersible Ultrasonic Receiver miniSURT - Mini Submersible Ultrasonic Receiver Receiver Kits MANTRAK - Manual Tracking Kit The MANTRAK kit was designed to bring together the most common tools our customers have found to be valuable for manual tracking. The kit has become the most frequent package used by first time researchers. UDR-Kit The UDR-kit contains all of the basic tools necessary for locating transmitters from a surface vessel and while diving. This includes the UDR receiver, external hydrophone adapter, directional hydrophone and useful accessories, housed in a rugged Pelican case.

Sonotronics proudly introduces the picoTag family. They represents the smallest acoustic transmitters in the Sonotronics product line, beginning at .6g in weight in water. These tiny transmitters will allow researchers to gain valuable information on small species never possible before. PT SERIES SUBMINIATURE TRANSMITTERS Range 300m – 750m+ Sonotronics proudly introduces the picoTag family. They represents the smallest acoustic transmitters in the Sonotronics product line, beginning at .6g in weight in water. These tiny transmitters will allow researchers to gain valuable information on small species never possible before. The PicoTags come standard in bullet shaped packaged shown in the photo. This packaging is more commonly used for internal implant or in cases where gluing the transmitter is appropriate. Slightly elongated packages are available that can contain small drill holes for external mount. Packaging changes result in changes in the weight and dimension specifications. Note that quoted ranges are when manual tracking. Notes The typical rule of thumb is to use transmitters that have a weight in water that is 1.5 – 2% of the fish weight in air. Weight in O2 (air) is put only as additional reference. -E is the extension denoting external mount, -I denotes internal implant. You must specify internal or external when ordering transmitters. Links: VIDEOS PRICES

Transmitters Sonotronics manufactures ultrasonic transmitters that attach to equipment or animals for detection and tracking with compatible receivers. Transmitters are defined by three main variables: size, autonomy or operating life, and detection range. They emit coded signals that uniquely identify the attached object; the coding protocol is selected based on the receiver system and tracking method. Each transmitter operates at a production-set frequency chosen for environmental conditions and receiver compatibility. The following sections provide additional detail based on the object being tracked. Fisheries Transmitters Click to view all Fisheries Transmiters Sonotronics manufactures transmitters for tagging and tracking a wide range of aquatic species, typically for studies with defined objectives. The most important factor in selecting a fisheries transmitter is the smallest animal to be tagged. According to Fisheries Techniques, a transmitter’s weight in water should not exceed 1.25% of the animal’s weight out of water. Because Sonotronics lists transmitter weight in water, multiplying that value by 80 gives the minimum recommended animal weight. Tracking duration is the next key consideration because it affects both attachment method and transmitter protocol. For example, a one-month active tracking study from a boat may use a simple externally mounted transmitter with an ACT “continuous” protocol. By contrast, a study using only submerged passive receivers should use surgically implanted transmitters with a PPM coded protocol, which can extend transmitter life to nearly ten times that of a continuous protocol. Once size and operating life are defined, the expected detection range can be evaluated. These factors can be adjusted iteratively to identify the best transmitter; for instance, if the body of water limits detection range, selecting a transmitter for a larger minimum animal size may provide longer autonomy. Equipment Marking Transmitters Click to view all Equipment Marking Transmitters “Recover Your Assets” Sonotronics is the leader in transmitter development for a variety of oceanographic needs. Our transmitters have been used to relocate current meters, ROV/AUV/UUV vehicles, deep ocean sites, divers, and many other subsea applications. This page provides an overview of our equipment marker pinger product line. Links to specific pages about products are found here. Equipment Marking Transmitters (EMTs) are similar to fisheries transmitters but use rugged housings with mounting features for quick, secure attachment to underwater instruments, vehicles, or structures. They are generally used to help recover valuable equipment when underwater conditions prevent normal retrieval. EMTs are typically selected by first determining the required service life, then choosing the desired detection range for the deployment environment. For example, an ADCP planned for a two-year deployment may benefit from a medium-range four-year transmitter, while an AUV with an expected one-month mission may be better suited to a shorter-life transmitter with a longer detection range. EMTs are usually tracked actively and commonly use the ACT protocol for continuous transmissions. Sensors Sonotronics transmitters can also include integrated sensors that telemeter local environmental data to a remote receiver. Temperature sensors report the current water temperature in degrees Fahrenheit or in increments of 0.5 degrees Centigrade. Pressure sensors report the instantaneous pressure from the water and atmosphere above the sensor in pounds per square inch (PSI). This value can then be converted to units of length using a simple linear formula. Accelerometers provide raw movement data along three axes, which can be converted into values such as Overall Body Dynamic Acceleration (ODBA), general activity index (GAI), and tilt angle relative to gravity. ODBA and GAI are used mainly to assess fish physiology, while tilt angle is used to monitor underwater equipment, such as ADCPs, that must remain near vertical to function properly. ORDERING INFORMATION The following is a guide to the many possible variations and configurations of sensors for fisheries transmitters, note not all combinations are possible: Sensor Choices __Temperature __Pressure (depth) __Acceleration Transmit Protocol __ACT __SR1 __SR6 __Ops Burst Interval (time between complete protocol transmission) __Continuous __15 Sec __ 30 Sec __ 60 Sec __ Other Full Scale Values Temperature __127F __ 40C Pressure __ 50PSI __ 100PSI __ 200PSI __ Other Acceleration __ 3.44m/ __ Other Sensor Specific Values Accelerometer Derivation __ VeDBA __ ODBA __ SDM __ Other Sample Frequency __1.6 Hz __ 12.5Hz __ Other Sample Size _16 _32 _64 _128 _256 _Other <***> table of transmitters with pics of IBDT (showing sensor), graph of depth, EMT-AR ACCELEROMETER BASED ACOUSTIC FISHERIES TRANSMITTERS Sonotronics AT transmitters use an integrated 3-axis accelerometer to measure and transmit derived activity and movement parameters for a tagged animal. Unlike pressure or temperature sensors, meaningful activity measurements require multiple acceleration samples from each axis, which are then processed using a formula to produce a usable value. Two commonly used measures of movement and energy expenditure are VeDBA (Vectorial Dynamic Body Acceleration) and ODBA (Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration). Another configuration reports the sum of the maximum values of dynamic acceleration of each axes during a sample period (SMD). VeDBA VeDBA represents the magnitude of the dynamic acceleration vector and is calculated from the RMS value of ‘N’ dynamic acceleration samples from the x, y, and z axes where are sampled instantaneous values of the accelerometer are sampled, high pass filtered to remove the effects of gravity. One advantage of VeDBA is that it is relatively insensitive to the orientation of the transmitter implanted in the study animal. To maximize transmitter life, the accelerometer controls the sampling interval. The nominal sampling rate is 12.5 Hz, or 12.5 samples per second. The selected number of samples determines the sample interval and must be a binary value between 16 and 256. For example, at 12.5 Hz, a sample size of 256 results in a sample interval of 256/12.520.5 Seconds. ODBA ODBA is calculated by summing the absolute values of ‘N’ dynamic acceleration samples from the x, y, and z axes. Although ODBA can provide a slightly better estimate of energy expenditure, it is more sensitive than VeDBA to the orientation of the implanted transmitter and is typically used in laboratory conditions. SDM SDM is calculated by summing the maximum absolute values of dynamic acceleration samples from the x, y, and z axes during a given period: This value is helpful in comparing peak movements over multiple sample periods. SCALE and RESOLUTION Sonotronics transmitters report values from 0 to 255 using 8-bit resolution, so it is important to understand what each bit represents. For VeDBA measurements, a value of 1 corresponds to 1.38mg or 0.0135m/, and a full-scale value of 255*1.38mg ≈ 352mg ≈ 3.44m/. ODBA scaling should be selected carefully based on the sampling rate and sample size, because summed values can become large very quickly.

The PT-Kit (Passive Tracking) contains all the tools necessary to start a passive tracking project: a receiver and 10 long life transmitters housed in a convenient carrying case. *NEW* PT-KIT (PASSIVE TRACKING) The PT-Kit (Passive Tracking) contains all the tools necessary to start a passive tracking project: a receiver and 10 long life transmitters housed in a convenient carrying case. The PT-kit includes: A miniSURT-Li receiver 10 CT-82-2 long life transmitters QR-code card for manual and PC based software Magnets for activating receiver and transmitters A hard case with protective foam Description of the tools: miniSURT Receiver The Li version of the miniSURT allows the use of common 18650 Li-ion batteries Scan multiple frequencies or focus on a single frequency as your project requires Scan multiple gain settings for detection range assessment Temperature logging and optional transponding Multiple detection protocols supported Compatible with SURsoftDPC for collaborating with multiple receiver arrays, or direct download to CSV Bluetooth Low Energy communication for configuration and data downloads CT-82-2 Transmitters Long life transmitter (>3yr with 20-40 sec burst) Open Protocol and multi-frequency ACT codes available Embedded LED confirms function without receiver Magnet sensor to switch transmitter on and off (magnets included) Long range detections Compatible with all Sonotronics receivers Links: Datasheets miniSURT Software Receiver Software VIDEOS PRICES

MINISURT Sonotronics proudly introduces this new addition to available fisheries research technologies. This small, inexpensive, long life unit allows for tracking of fish passage within its detection area. Strings, arrays, or individual receivers can be utilized depending on the resolution of detection desired in the study. One of the main principles behind the miniSURT is its ability to save valuable field time by simplifying deployments thus reducing project costs. miniSURT Sonotronics proudly introduces this new addition to available fisheries research technologies. This small, inexpensive, long life unit allows for tracking of fish passage within its detection area. Strings, arrays, or individual receivers can be utilized depending on the resolution of detection desired in the study. One of the main principles behind the miniSURT is its ability to save valuable field time by simplifying deployments thus reducing project costs. The miniSURT brings new features and options to the marketplace aiding in the continued development of fisheries research technologies. Applications Include: 1. Site fidelity studies 2. Spawning area detection 3. Animal attachment for social experiments 4. Simple positioning in array configurations 5. Gates for Active tracking boundaries 6. Towable: for area surveys The miniSURT allows simple mooring by using tie-wraps to connect to small rope. Transmitters within the units detection area will be logged to the on board memory along with date and time. The miniSURT may be configured in the field to allow frequency scanning for ACT coded transmitters, or use with rcode transmitters. The miniSURT is designed to allow mounting to an animal as a small (16mm diameter) expendable unit, as a remotely powered, cabled RS232 system, or as a standalone submersible receiver powered by a single AA lithium battery. miniSURTsoft The miniSURT is compatible with Sonotronics integrated software for communications with logging receivers – SURtool, SURsoft, and SURsoftDPC. SURtool or SURsoft may be used to set time and date, download data, configure detection frequency and many other options. The data processing center can be used to process and examine the data obtained from miniSURT’s, saving valuable time in sorting data. Features include examining data by transmitter, processing telemetry data, and viewing a graphic display of activity at a passive receiver. Links: Datasheets miniSURT Software Software Downloads VIDEOS PRICES

*New* DH-ROV HYDROPHONE Length: 100mm Diameter 60mm (2” PVC) Weight: 300 (air) Positive buoyant Depth: 90m (cable entrance) Cable: 50m polyurethane jacketed coax BNC terminated Links: DH-ROV Datasheet Receiver Software VIDEOS PRICES

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The Sonotronics EMT-AR “Accelerometer Transmitter” is designed to provide information pertaining to movement of any animal or target tagged with the transmitter. The EMT-AR contains an onboard 2 dimensional accelerometer. When movement (acceleration) is detected on either axis, the quantity and direction of the acceleration is processed and one of many different possible output algorithms are utilized. EMT-AR ACCELEROMETER BASED ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTER Sonotronics EMT-AR (Angle Reporting) transmitters use an integrated accelerometer to measure and transmit the tilt angle or inclination of attached equipment, enabling real-time monitoring of its orientation. A surface receiver can be used to verify the alignment of instruments such as ADCPs without requiring a diver. With operating lifetimes of up to four years, these transmitters can also mark deployment sites for future relocation. Monitoring is performed using either the USR-23 deck receiver or the UDR diver receiver. Links: EMT-AR Datasheet EMT-AR Manual VIDEOS PRICES